(بغداد) Main seat of the Abbasid Caliphate from its foundation in 762 by Caliph Al-Mansur until the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258, now the capital of Iraq
(الفسطاط Al-Fusṭāṭ) City founded by Rashidun governor 'Amr ibn al-'Āṣ, which served as capital of Egypt under the Rashidun (ٱلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ), Umayyad (ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة), Abbasid (الْخِلَافَة الْعَبَّاسِيَّة), and Fatimid (ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْفَاطِمِيَّة) Caliphates; now a neighbourhood of Cairo
(الموصل Al-Mawṣil) Often spelled Mosul, city in Iraq corresponding to ancient Nineveh, which later served as the capital of the Hamdanid Emirate of Mosul and Aleppo, a vassal state of the Abbasid Caliphate
(شیراز Šīrāz) City refounded by Umayyad governor Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi (بن يوسف بن الحكم بن أبي عقيل الثقفي) which later served as capital of the Buyid dynasty and currently capital of Iran's Fars (Persis) Province; also listed under the Persian city list as Širājiš
Zabid
(زبيد Zabīd) City in Yemen founded by the Abbasid governor Muḥammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Ziyād which served as the capital of the Ziyādid, and later Najāḥid, Emirate of Yemen, a vassal state of the Abbasid Caliphate
(دمشق) Known in English as Damascus, name under which it also present as the capital of the Umayyad Independent Power; capital of the Umayyad Caliphate and present day Syria
(القيروان Al-Qayrawān) Often spelled Kairouan, city in Tunisia founded by the Umayyad general 'Uqba ibn Nāfi' which later served as the capital of the Aghlabid Emirate of Africa, a vassal state of the Abbasid Caliphate
Sāmarrā
(سامرّاء) Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate during the "Anarchy at Samarra" (836-892 CE), and site of the Great Mosque of Samarra
al-Ahwāz
(الأحواز Al-Aḥwāz) Known in English and Persian as Ahvaz (اهواز), city conquered by the Rashiduns in 639 CE, now capital of Iran's Khūzestan province
Irānshahr
Shahrastān
as-Sirajān
Corruption of Sīrjān (سيرجان), a regional center in the Kerman region of Iran conquered by Rashidun commander Rabi' ibn Ziād in the 640s