Greek (Civ4)

Civilization Series
Game	Expansion packs
Civilization	None
Civ II	Conflicts in Civilization Fantastic Worlds Test of Time
Civ III	Play the World Conquests
Civ IV	Warlords Beyond the Sword Colonization (Total conversion)
Civ V	Gods & Kings Brave New World
Beyond Earth	Rising Tide
Civ VI	Rise and Fall Gathering Storm New Frontier Pass
Official Spinoffs	Sid Meier's Colonization Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri Alien Crossfire Civilization Revolution CivWorld Civilization Revolution 2 Sid Meier's Starships Civilization: Eras & Allies
Other Games	Pirates! Railroad Tycoon XCOM (IP) Freeciv Imperialism C-evo Civilization: Call to Power Call to Power II FreeCol Pirates!: Live the Life CivCity: Rome Railroads! NewCol Unciv Humankind
Comparisons	Comparison between Civilization games Civilizations Glossary of Civilization terms

Civilopedia Entry

The period following the catastrophic collapse of the Mycenaean civilization in Greece (about 1200 BC) was marked by a series of migrations by barbarian peoples from the north, leading to the formation of a number of city-states - prominent among these, Sparta and Athens - and a phase of Greek colonization along the shores of the Mediterranean. For several centuries, Greek history was a provincial tale of neighbors squabbling over scarce resources. But it was also the dawn of philosophy and science, the era when the bard Homer composed his great epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. There seems to be no good reason why the Hellenes, clustered in isolated city-states in a relatively poor and backward land, should have struck out into intellectual regions that were only dimly perceived, if at all, by the splendid civilizations of the Yangtze, the Tigris and Euphrates, and the Nile valleys - but they did.

The Persian Wars (492-449 BC) were sparked by a revolt of Greek colonies in Asia Minor and brought the Greeks onto the stage of world history. Athens and Eretria sent a small fleet in support of the revolt, which the Persian emperors took as a pretext for launching two invasions of the Greek mainland. In 490 BC a Persian army under Darius I (522-486 BC) landed unopposed on the plain of Marathon; following an appeal to the Spartans, the Athenian-led Greeks won a decisive victory. A larger second invasion ten years later, blunted by the valiant stand by the Spartans and Thespians at Thermopylae (481 BC), ended with the crushing defeat of the Persian fleet at Salamis. Sporadic fighting between Greek alliances and Persia continued for another 30 years, before the Peace of Callas (449 BC) finally ended the hostilities. The surprising Greek triumph ensured the survival of Greek culture and political structures.

Growing tensions among the victors led to the Peloponnesian Wars (431-404 BC), fought between Athens and Sparta. The Athenian League was, in fact, an empire that included most of the island and coastal states around the shores of the Aegean Sea, while Sparta was leader of an alliance of independent cities that included most of the major land powers of the peninsula. The end finally came in 404 BC when, starved by an impenetrable blockade, Athens capitulated. Athens' devastation and decline was perhaps the worst casualty in a war that crippled Greek unity.

By this time, a new power was growing in the north of Greece. In 353 BC, Philip I was in undisputed control of a much-enlarged Macedonia. Phalanx tactics were known from ancient Sumer and Egypt, but Philip perfected the tactical use of these spear-wielding forces in dense, massive blocks of eight or even sixteen ranks, sacrificing flexibility and mobility in order to achieve maximum protection and power. Unless Alexander (336-323 BC) was himself responsible for his father's assassination in 336 BC, he could not have foreseen the moment of his succession - but he was certainly well prepared. Educated by Aristotle and left in charge of Macedonia during Philip's attack on Byzantium, Alexander had defeated the barbarians people called the Maedi in 340 BC; two years later he had commanded the left wing at the battle of Chaeronea, in which Philip defeated the allied Greek states and became master of all Greece. Using his father's soliders to good effect, Alexander invaded the Persian Empire and began one of the greatest campaigns in history. Ten years and thousands of miles later, Alexander had destroyed the Persian Empire and carved out a kingdom stretching from Macedonia to the borders of India. By the time of his death at the age of 33, Alexander had initiated a new age by spreading Hellenism in a vast colonizing wave throughout the Middle East and created, at least economically and culturally (if not politically), a single civilization stretching from Gibraltar to the Punjab, open to trade and intellectual intercourse.

However, the Greek empire could hardly survive Alexander's death. During a 40-year (323-280 BC) interregnum, the provinces became independent kingdoms, with various of Alexander's generals rising to rule through bloodshed and assassination, yet they were unable to ally against the coming of a new military power. By 350 BC, Rome was encroaching on the westernmost Greek settlements, beginning a 200-year conquest of the Hellenic world that Alexander had created. With the defeat of Cleopatra and Marc Anthony, Octavian's forces occupied Egypt and the last kingdom of Alexander's successors fell to Rome. For two millennia, Greece was part of the Roman, then Byzantine, and finally the Ottoman empires. Following an uprising supported by Britain, Russia, and France, Greece's existence as an independent nation gained formal recognition in 1832. Greece fought on the Allied side in both world wars, and was occupied by the Germans during World War II. A civil war followed the conflict, in which pro-Western forces defeated their pro-communist opponents. Greece today is a modern democracy and part of the European Union, and tens of thousands of tourists visit the country every year to see its rugged beauty and great monuments from the past.

List of Cities

Founding Order	City Name	Notes
1	Athens
2	Sparta
3	Corinth
4	Thebes
5	Argos
6	Knossos
7	Mycenae
8	Pharsalos
9	Ephesus
10	Halicarnassus
11	Rhodes
12	Eretria
13	Pergamon
14	Miletos
15	Megara
16	Phocaea
17	Sicyon
18	Tiryns
19	Samos
20	Mytilene
21	Chios
22	Paros
23	Tegea
24	Elis
25	Syracuse
26	Herakleia
27	Gortyn
28	Chalkis
29	Pylos
30	Pella
31	Naxos
32	Thessalonica
33	Smyrna
34	Larissa
35	Patras
36	Lamia
37	Marathon
38	Apollonia
39	Nafplion
40	Apolyton

Unit Dialogue

The Greek units speak Modern Greek. Corresponding English dialogue appears in parentheses.

GreeceSelect-000: διαταξτε (Pronounced "diatakste," means "order [us, or me].")

GreeceSelect-001: στις διαταγες σας (Pronounced "stis diatayes sas," means "at your service" or literally "at your orders.")

GreeceSelect-002: πιτε μου τι να κανω (Pronounced "pite mou ti na kano," means "tell me what to do.")

GreeceSelect-003: περιμενω οδηγιες (Pronounced "perimeno odiyee-es," means "I'm waiting for orders.")

GreeceSelect-004: ετοιμοι για δραση (Pronounced "etimi yia drasi," means "ready for action" like other languages.)

GreeceSelect-005: ποιο ειναι το σχεδιο (Pronounced "pio eine to shedio," means "what is the plan?" For anyone actually pronouncing these, "shedio" is not pronounced with a "sh" sound, as Greek doesn't really have sh sounds. The s and the h are pronounced separately.)

GreeceSelect-006: ναι; (The ";" signifies it is being asked, as a question. Pronounced "neh," literally means "yes?" Interestingly, "neh" is less formal than Greek "oriste" which also means "yes?")

GreeceSelect-007: τι διαταζετε (Pronounced "ti diatazete," literally means "what are you ordering," but you wouldn't hear it being used in a restaurant. These kinds of orders are διαταγες, not restaurant orders. So it roughly translates to "your orders?" like the other languages.)

GreeceSelect-008: τι χρειαζεστε (Pronounced "ti hriazeste," literally means "what do you need.")

GreeceSelect-009: ολοι παρωντες και ετοιμοι (Pronounced "oli parontεs ke etimi," means "all present and ready.")

GreeceOrder-000: Οπως διαταξτε (Pronounced "opos diatakste," means "however you order.")

GreeceOrder-001: φυγε (Pronounced "fiye," means "go" or literally "leave.")

GreeceOrder-002: βεβαιως (Pronounced "veveos," means "of course")

GreeceOrder-003: αφηστε το πανω 'μας (Pronounced "afiste to pano mas," literally means "leave it on top of us," means "leave it to us.")

GreeceOrder-004: κανενα προβλημα (Pronounced "kanena provlima," means "no problem")

GreeceOrder-005: πειτε οτι εγινε (Pronounced "piteh oti eyineh," means "say [to others] that it has been done")

GreeceOrder-006: πολυ καλα (Pronounced "poli kala," means "very good")

GreeceOrder-007: φυγαμε (Pronounced "figame," means literally "we left" or "we're gone.")

GreeceOrder-008: ας ξεκινησουμε (Pronounced "ahs ksekinisoume," means "let's get going.")

GreeceOrder-009: ?