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The Neighborhood is a district in Civilization VI which provides 
Housing Housing. Requires Urbanization Civic.
The amount of Housing Housing the Neighborhood provides depends on the Appeal rating of the tile where it is built:
- Breathtaking: +6
Housing - Charming: +5 Housing
- Average: +4 Housing
- Uninviting: +3 Housing
- Disgusting: +2 Housing
Since this is not a Specialty District, its building won't affect your Specialty Districts limit for this city. What's more, multiple Neighborhoods may be built in the same city.
Strategy
The Neighborhood epitomizes the modern Era's tendency of people to abandon rural lifestile and move into cities. It provides the means to increase the 
Population of big cities even more in the late game, when you have already exhausted all other possibilities for Housing Housing.
A common strategy is to replace Farm tiles with Neighborhoods. Farms may not be that needed in the late game, as you gain other means of feeding your Population, and as the territory around your cities increases and gives access to more Resources. Note, however, that a tile with a Neighborhood doesn't produce anything but Housing, since it can't be worked at all.
Historical Context
Mr. Rogers lived in an idealized one, as do Big Bird and Cookie Monster. In truth, neighborhoods are rarely such functional social networks with friendly values, aspirations, and culture. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, for the first time more people lived in cities than the countryside; given that transport was limited and slow, overcrowded and unsanitary tenements grew in places like London, New York, and Berlin so the factory workers and office clerks could be near their place of employment. Then came the telephone and automobile; suddenly those middle-class wage slaves could escape the teeming slums and ghettos and move to the suburbs. By the 1880s, London was surrounded by planned "estates" such as Wembley Park and Kingsbury Garden Village ... and soon so were most other industrial cities.