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Quinine is a resource in Civilization VII.
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Medicines are largely products of plants and fungi. For instance, aspirin is made from willow bark, penicillin is produced from mold – and the malaria-combatting quinine comes from the bark of the chinchona tree. Chinchona is native to the Andes, and was widely used as a treatment for muscle aches and fevers there. Malaria was one of the diseases brought by Europeans during the colonization of the New World as it had been endemic to the Mediterranean for years. Surprisingly the New World plant had a profound effect in stopping the Old World disease – something it only took the Spanish two hundred years to discover (indigenous people, who knew quinine was effective to treat fevers, were likely using it early on). Upon its identification by Western science, quinine was mass-produced and used in tonic water drinks as a preventative for malaria and a treatment for advanced cases. Today, malaria has more effective treatments (and more resistant pathogens), but the drug remains an early weapon in the ongoing battle between humans and pathogens.