Note that the Steam achievements use different names for some Map Sizes than the in-game options - "Tiny" planets are called "Dwarf" planets and "Large" planets are called "Massive" planets in the game.
There are an additional 26 achievements for Rising Tide.
Some achievements require you to do a series of tasks in order for to unlock them. A good example of this is the Valley of the Time Tombs achievement that requires you to build all wonders. Which ones have been built and which ones do you still need to build? Luckily it's easy to check:
Open your Steam library, find Sid Meier's Civilization: Beyond Earth
Right-click it, select Properties
From the Local Files tab select Browse local files...
In the file browser that opens, find a folder or a shortcut named Logs and open it
In this folder find the file named achievements_debug.log and open it
Now, this file lists all of your achievement progress. A part of it may look something like this:
This would tell you that you have built the Tectonic Anvil zero times, so it's the wonder you are still missing. The other parts of the file are pretty much self-explanatory too when you know what you are looking for.
A reference to a line from the 1923 H.G. Wells novel Men Like Gods, which described a parallel Earth that was a utopian society.
Aim to Misbehave
Win a game on a Duel Map
Closing words of a speech by Captain Malcolm Reynolds in Serenity.
Beep… Beep…. Beep...
Win a game on Sputnik difficulty.
The achievement icon depicts the Sputnik-1/PS-1, Earth's first artificial satellite, the sole payload of which was a battery-powered two-frequency radio beacon transmitting simple beeps, hence the name.
C'mon you apes, you wanna live forever?
Fully explore the Might virtue tree
A line from the 1959 Heinlein novel Starship Troopers, delivered by one of the eponymous troopers. This line was itself a reference to a famous line uttered in World War I, "C'mon you sons of bitches, you wanna live forever?" The Mobile Infantry (and, indeed, much of the ethos of Starship Troopers) aligns well with the Might virtue.
Chief Extraterrestrial Officer
Win a game as Fielding
This achievement is a pun on the common corporate title of Chief Executive Officer.
A subject taught at Unseen University in Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels.
Enemy Within
Kill an enemy spy
This is probably a reference to Firaxis' own expansion pack XCOM: Enemy Within, which introduced intelligence and counterintelligence activities (among other things) to the original XCOM game.
Energize
Develop a city to produce more than 100 energy per turn
This achievement title almost certainly makes reference to the command regularly given by Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation when activating the transporter.
Father of Nations
Win a game as Barre
Most probably a tribute to African Leader Nélson Mandela, proclamed as Father of African Free and Independent Nations.
Fearful Symmetry
Win a game on a Skirmish Map.
This is a reference to a line from William Blake's poem, The Tyger.
For A Few Dollars More
Unlock All Tier 2 Virtue Synergy Bonuses
This achievement title makes reference to the 1965 Clint Eastwood movie of the same name.
Gagarin's Legacy
Win a game as Kozlov
A reference to Russian Yuri Gagarin, the first human in outer space.
Game over, man!
One Hit Kill
The achievement title is a quotation from the 1986 James Cameron film Aliens. The line is delivered by Hudson, one of the Colonial Marines.
Godspeed
Win a game on Mercury Difficulty
The title of this achievement is a reference to a transmission made by Scott Carpenter to John Glenn during the launch of Friendship 7, part of Project Mercury.
Grand Galactic Inquisitor
Win at least one game with each leader
The Grand Galactic Inquisitor is a phenomenally obnoxious character on The Venture Bros. who yells "Ignore me!"
Homo Aliena
Achieve Max Level in Harmony
This is a reference combing the scientific name for humans (Homo sapien) and the word 'alien'.
I'm in the middle of some calibrations
Play with a Mod
A phrase spoken by the character Garrus Vakarian in the video game Mass Effect 2, which achieved memetic status as the character would repeatedly use it to deflect attempts to start a conversation, and was even heavily self-referenced in Mass Effect 3.
I'm On Another Boat
Embark a unit
This achievement makes reference to the Civilization V Steam Achievement I'm on a Boat!, which is a reference to The Lonely Island song.
I've made a lot of special modifications myself
Download a mod
The achievement title is a quotation from Star Wars (specifically, A New Hope), said originally by Han Solo in reference to the Millenium Falcon, his ship.
It's Full of Stars
Achieve Transcendence
A line from Arthur C. Clarke's novel 2001: A Space Odyssey. Just as Dave Bowman is being drawn into the Monolith, he exclaims "The thing's hollow — it goes on forever — and — oh my God! — it's full of stars!"
Just Like Voskhod 2
Win game on Taigan map
Voskhod 2 was a Soviet manned space mission.
Light This Candle
Launch an orbital unit
A quote from Alan Shepard, the first American in space, from just before his launch on May 5th, 1961. Reportedly, after repeated delays, Shepard said, "Why don't you fix your little problem and light this candle?" The quotation later appeared in the film The Right Stuff, a film about test pilots including Shepard.
Live Long and Prosper
Fully explore the Prosperity virtue tree
The achievement title is a Vulcan phrase (accompanying a one-handed salute) from the Star Trek franchise.
Logic is the beginning of wisdom
Fully explore the Knowledge virtue tree
The achievement title is a line from the 1991 movie Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. The line is delivered by Captain Spock to Lieutenant Valeris, and in full, is "Logic is the beginning of wisdom, Valeris, not the end."
Making Way for a Hyperspace Bypass
Raze 100 Alien nests
A reference to the beginning of Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, in which contractors inform Arthur Dent that his home (and the planet Earth) must be demolished to make way for a hyperspace bypass.
Mark II
Upgrade a Unit
A common term used to mean an upgraded or improved product or hardware.
Mighty Fine Shindig
Develop a city to produce more than 100 culture per turn
A line from the episode Shindig from the TV series Firefly. The line is delivered by Captain Mal Reynolds to Inara.
Moksha
Win a game as Kavitha
In Indian religions, Moksha means means emancipation, liberation or release.
Never Surrender
Win a game as Bolivar
A line from the Star Trek parody film Galaxy Quest. In full, the line is "Never give up, never surrender!"
No bucks, No Buck Rogers
Fully explore the Industry virtue tree
This achievement's title is a line from the 1983 film The Right Stuff, delivered by Gus Grissom in reference to funding required for the space program.
Once Upon A Time In Space
Unlock All Tier 3 Virtue Synergy Bonuses
"Once upon a time" is a stock phrase used to introduce a narrative of past events, typically in fairy tales and folk tales. It has been used in some form since at least 1380. As the other Virtue Synergy achievements are named for Sergio Leone Western films, this achievement is likely named for the Leone film Once Upon a Time in the West.
Order of Lenin
Win a game on Soyuz Difficulty
The Order of Lenin, named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union.
Pale Blue Dot
Win a game on a Standard Map
This achievement shares its title with a famous photograph requested and titled by the astronomer Carl Sagan. The image is of Earth, as viewed from the Voyager space probe at a distance of six billion kilometres - a single pale blue dot in a vast expanse of space.
Patent Pending
Steal a tech
A reference to the term Patent Pending, used in order to defer copying of an idea.
Planned obsolescence is a policy of planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life, so it will become obsolete, after a certain period of time.
Poseidon's Children
Win game on Atlantean Map
This achievement shares its title with a hard science fiction novel series by Alastair Reynolds. The series includes augmented humans living beneath the sea (from which the title comes).
Resistance is Futile
Achieve Domination Victory
This achievement's title comes from Star Trek: The Next Generation, as the catchphrase of the recurring villain race, the Borg.
Rules of Acquisition
Purchase 1000 Tiles
The Rules of Acquisition are intended to ensure the profitability of businesses owned by Ferengi in the Star Trek universe.
Shining Path
Win a game as Daoming
The Shining Path was a real-world organisation inspired by Chinese leader Mao Zedong.
So Say We All
Achieve Max Level in Purity
This achievement's title is a concluding response to prayer in the Twelve Colonies of the Battlestar Galactica franchise.
Steely Eyed Missile Man
Achieve one of each other victory.
Compliment paid to NASA flight controller John Aaron, who restored the Apollo 12 flight telemetry system after the spacecraft was struck by lightning in flight.
This achievement's title is a reference to the Media Molecule game LittleBigPlanet.
United Federation of Planets
Win at least one game on each map size and type
The United Federation of Planets is a republic from the Star Trek franchise.
Valley of the Time Tombs
Build all wonders
This achievement's title comes from the Dan Simmons novel Hyperion, where the valley so named contains a collection of (appropriately) wondrous artifacts.
Walk Without Rhythm
Killed Siege Worm
A reference to the Dune universe, where walking without rhythm is necessary in the desert in order to avoid attracting a sandworm, from which the Siege Worms are derived.
We Are Not Alone
Achieve Contact Victory
Though the title of this achievement is often used to make reference to the potential existence of aliens, in the context of other achievement titles, it is likely a reference to the tagline of the 1977 movie Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
What Was Once Only Imagined
Develop a city to produce more than 100 science per turn
The title of this achievement is a popular misquotation of a line from the William Blake work The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. The actual line is "What is now proved was once only imagin'd.".
When Maui Came To This World
Win game on Archipelago Map
This is a reference to Polynesian mythology.
Поехали! Pojexali!
Win a game on Vostok Difficulty
The name of the achievement is the famous quip by Yuri Gagarin at the takeoff of the Vostok-1 mission, the first manned spaceflight.
Beyond Earth: Rising Tide[]
Ahimsa
Win the game without declaring war.
Ahimsa a word originally from the Jain religion that roughly translates as: never harm anything
Best of Both Worlds
Build an ultimate hybrid unit
The Best of Both Worlds is a notable Star Trek episode that introduced Locutus: an ultimate man/machine hybrid.
Fortune and Glory
Find an Artifact
A line from Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.
It Belongs in a Museum
A line from Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.
Let's Make a Deal
Make a diplomatic agreement.
From the popular US game show: Let's make a deal!
Liberty Bell 7
Complete an Expedition on an aquatic crashed satellite.
Liberty Bell 7 was a manned NASA space capsule that sunk shortly after splashdown in the Atlantic ocean in 1961. It wasn't recovered until 1999.
Lingua Franca
Make 100 (or more) diplomatic capital a turn
A lingua franca is a non-native language spoken by two people for the purpose of communication, usually trading.
More Than Meets The Eye
Unlock a Hybrid affinity level
The title to the Opening Song of the 1980's The Transformers cartoon.
Neptune's Glory
Build all the aquatic wonders.
Neptune was the Roman God of the sea.
Ramming Speed
Kill a unit by moving an aquatic city onto it.
A common phrase in movies where a ship (or spaceship) purposefully crashes into another ship (or spaceship).
Salam
Win as Al-Falah
Salam means peace in Arabic.
Shadow and Light
Win as Chungsu
Shadow and Light is the literal translation of Yin and Yang, a symbol commonly used to represent Korea.
Shai-Hulud
Leash a Colossal Alien
Referencing the Sand-Worms from Frank Herbert's Dune. In the series they are called Shai-Hulud by the Fremen of the desert planet Arrakis
Silent Service
Kill 10 units with invisible units.
Silent Service is a 1995 submarine simulator game designed my Sid Meier and published by MicroProse.
Splashdown
Found an aquatic city
Common phrase referring to a spacecraft or vehicle landing in the sea.
Terror From the Deep
Win without controlling any land cities.
X-COM: Terror from the Deep is a strategy video game developed and published by MicroProse in 1995 for the PC.
The Frontier is Everywhere
Win a game on a primoridal planet.
A quote from Carl Sagan optimistically lamenting the shortcomings of humanity.
The Halls of R'lyeh
Complete all Marvel quests
R'lyeh is a fictional lost city that first appeared in the H. P. Lovecraft short story: The Call of Cthulhu.
The Prince
Get maximum fear and respect with a rival.
Title of a political treatise written by Niccolò Machiavelli that states an ideal ruler should be feared as equally as loved.