Changes: William Penn (Col)

Revision as of 02:53, 13 March 2021

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William Penn

William Penn (1644–1718)

An English Quaker leader, William Penn obtained a large land grant in North America for religious freedom. He founded the state that later became Pennsylvania. With Penn in the Continental Congress, cross production in all colonies increases by 50%.

Benefits

All cross production in your colonies increases by 50% when William Penn joins your Continental Congress, greatly speeding immigration from Europe. Since ingame immigration is cut off at the beginning of your War of Independence, it is usually better to add William Penn earlier in the game.

Colonization Founding Fathers
Trade	Adam Smith • Jakob Fugger • Jan de Witt • Peter Minuit • Peter Stuyvesant
Exploration	Ferdinand Magellan • Francisco de Coronado • Henry Hudson • Hernando de Soto • Sieur de La Salle
Military	Francis Drake • George Washington • Hernan Cortes • John Paul Jones • Paul Revere
Political	Benjamin Franklin • Pocahontas • Simon Bolivar • Thomas Jefferson • Thomas Paine
Religious	Bartolome de las Casas • Father Jean de Brebeuf • Juan de Sepulveda • William Brewster • William Penn

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 An [[English (Col)|English]] Quaker leader, William Penn obtained a large land grant in North America for religious freedom. He founded the state that later became Pennsylvania. With Penn in the [[Continental Congress (Col)|Continental Congress]], [[crosses (Col)|cross]] production in all [[Colony (Col)|colonies]] increases by 50%.
-==Life==
-The son of a Commonwealth admiral who maintained contact with Charles II & James II during their exile, Penn was an English landowner who was able to maintain his wealth after the Restoration of the monarchy despite being repeatedly imprisoned for preaching and writing religious beliefs at odds with the Church of England. One trial ''R v Penn & Mead'' (better known as Bushel's Case) became a landmark case concerning the independence of the jury, which refused to convict Penn and his friend despite being imprisoned, starved, and fined by the judge.
-In 1675, Penn helped administer the Quaker [[colony (Col)|colony]] established in West Jersey after the [[Dutch (Col)|Dutch]] abandoned the area to the English. In 1681, he helped purchase East Jersey and also received the grant for Pennsylvania on the other side of the Delaware River in lieu of repayment of Charles II's debt of £16000 to his father. A few months later, the Duke of York (later James II) also granted him the three lower counties (now Delaware). The ideal was to create a perfect Christian commonwealth: "There may be room there, though not here, for such a holy experiment." His Frame of Government for the colony aimed to provide absolute freedom of worship and to safeguard English liberties against tyrannical rule; it also included an explicit amending clause to allow future democratic revision. Thanks to Penn's earlier mission work on the Continent, the core of the colony at Philadelphia filled with Germans and Dutchmen as well as Britons and, despite not being able to be as pacifistic as hoped, the colony maintained generally peaceful relations with the surrounding [[Indians (Col)|Indians]] through a series of agreements and treaties. Forced to return to England to defend his colony against claims by Lord Baltimore, he pressed his friend James II to release political and religious prisoners and to issue the 1687 Declaration of Indulgence. This was followed after the Glorious Revolution by the 1689 Act of Toleration but Penn's close ties with the Stuarts kept him distant from William and Mary. During 1692–1694, his colony was controlled by New York and afterwards its Assembly bickered with him and his representatives. He visited again 1699–1701, allowing Delaware a separate legislature and outlining a union of the American colonies. His interest in New Jersey was lost in 1702 to Queen Anne, who placed it under the governor of New York.
-Swindled by his estate's steward, Penn was thrown into debtor's prison for months and, tired of fighting with Philadelphians, tried to sell his colony back to the king until a series of strokes began in 1712. His eldest son William rejoined the Church of England and attempted to nullify Penn's will, but Penn's second wife Hannah and her children were able to maintain proprietorship of the colony.
 ==Benefits==